Stroke

STROKE has impaired your speech, focus, memory anfd restricted your mobility. 

Have you done a QEEG (A digitized EEG and quantified)

QEEG SCAN

QEEG is collecting what the brain reports about you.  This is most critical before neurofeedback training.  After a stroke, scans can show which part has been physically damaged in terms of electrical connectivity.   It will show which part/s are and are not connected, if there are hyper or hypo electrical activities.  

Eg. If Broca’s area have been damaged, then speech may be partially or totally lost.  If the parietal areas (P3 P4) and the motor strip (C3 C4) have been damaged, then mobility will be too.  Every white color electrode on the cap you see represents a scalp site.  This helps to pin point where and how much electrical disruption happens.

Left Brain

If the stroke occurs in the left side of the brain, the right side of the body will be affected, producing some or all of the following:

  • Paralysis on the right side of the body
  • Speech/language problems
  • Slow, cautious behavioral style
  • Memory loss

Right Brain  If the stroke occurs in the right side of the brain, the left side of the body will be affected, producing some or all of the following:

  • Paralysis on the left side of the body
  • Vision problems
  • Quick, inquisitive behavioral style
  • Memory loss

Margaret Ayers was an early neurofeedback practitioner who treated hundreds of traumatic brain injury patients and achieving remarkable results particularly with recovery from coma in the 80s.  Dr. Jonathan Walker, a Dallas neurologist, observed significant improvement in 88% of a group of 26 patients with mild closed-head traumatic brain injury.  All of them who had held a job prior to their injury was able to resume productive employment after neurofeedback. The average number of neurofeedback sessions was 19. These results were obtained with techniques that are more than ten years old and significant improvements in training methods have been made within the last decade. The result is that head injury symptoms showing themselves to be resistant to remediation may be targeted more specifically.

Evidence for Neurofeedback’s efficacy for Brain Injury ?

Late Margaret Ayers was a pioneer who applied Neurofeedback to brain injury.  One of her case study collections published in Head Injury Frontiers, describes 250 cases of closed head brain injury she treated. Some of the peer-reviewed studies that have been published showed how Neurofeedback was able to help brain injury.  

Neurologist – Dr. Johnathan Walker says neurofeedback ‘cures’ epilepsy & seizures.  He says that surgery is not necessary and its too expensive for the patients.

More studies for your reference:

Ayers, M. E. (1981). A report on a study of the utilization of electroencephalography for the treatment of cerebral vascular lesion syndromes. Chapter in L. Taylor, M. E. Ayers, & C. Tom (Eds.), Electromyometric Biofeedback Therapy. Los Angeles: Biofeedback and Advanced Therapy Institute, pp. 244-257.

Ayers, M. E. (1987). Electroencephalic neurofeedback and closed head injury of 250 individuals. Head Injury Frontiers. National Head Injury Foundation, 380-392.

Ayers, M. E. (1991). A controlled study of EEG neurofeedback training and clinical psychotherapy for right hemispheric closed head injury. Paper presented at the National Head Injury Foundation, Los Angeles, 1991.

Ayers, M. E. (1995a). A controlled study of EEG neurofeedback and physical therapy with pediatric stroke, age seven months to age fifteen, occurring prior to birth. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 20(3), 318.

Ayers, M. E. (1995b). EEG neurofeedback to bring individuals out of level 2 coma.Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 20(3), 304-305.

Ayers, M. E. (1999). Assessing and treating open head trauma, coma, and stroke using real-time digital EEG neurofeedback. Chapter in J. R. Evans & A. Abarbanel (Eds.), Introduction to Quantitative EEG and Neurofeedback. New York: Academic Press, pp. 203-222.

Ayers, M. E. (2004). Neurofeedback for cerebral palsy. Journal of Neurotherapy, 8(2), 93-94.

Bachers, A. (2004). Neurofeedback with cerebral palsy and mental retardation. Journal of Neurotherapy, 8(2), 95-96.

Bearden, T. S., Cassisi, J. E., & Pineda, M. (2003). Neurofeedback training for a patient with thalamic and cortical infarctions. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 28(3), 241-253.

Bounias, M., Laibow, R. E., Bonaly, A., & Stubblebine, A. N. (2001). EEG-neurobiofeedback treatment of patients with brain injury: Part 1: Typological classification of clinical syndromes.Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(4), 23-44.

Bounias, M., Laibow, R. E., Stubbelbine, A. N.,Sandground, H., & Bonaly, A. (2002). EEG-neurobiofeedback treatment of patients with brain injury Part 4: Duration of treatments as a function of both the initial load of clinical symptoms and the rate of rehabilitation. Journal of Neurotherapy, 6(1), 23-38.

Byers, A. P. (1995). Neurofeedback therapy for a mild head injury. Journal of Neurotherapy, 1(1), 22-37.

Cannon, K. B., Sherlin, L., & Lyle, R. R. (2010).  Neurofeedback efficacy in the treatment of a 43-year-old female stroke victim: a case study.  Journal of Neurotherapy, 14(2), 107-121.

Doppelmayr, M., Nosko, H., Pecherstorfer, T., & Fink, A.  (2007).  An attempt to increase cognitive performance after stroke with neurofeedback.  Biofeedback, 35(4), 126-130.

Duff, J. (2004). The usefulness of quantitative EEG (QEEG) and neurotherapy in the assessment and treatment of post-concussion syndrome. Clinical EEG & Neuroscience, 35(4), 198-209.

Ham, L. P., & Packard, R. C. (1996). A retrospective, follow-up study of biofeedback-assisted relaxation therapy in patients with posttraumatic headache. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 21(2), 93-104.

Hammond, D. C. (2007).  Can LENS neurofeedback treat anosmia resulting from a head injury?  Journal of Neurotherapy11(1), 57-62.

Hammond, D. C. (2006). Neurofeedback to improve physical balance, incontinence, and swallowing. Journal of Neurotherapy, 9(1), 27-48.

Hoffman, D. A., Stockdale, S., & Van Egren, L. (1996a). Symptom changes in the treatment of mild traumatic brain injury using EEG neurofeedback [Abstract]. Clinical Electroencephalography, 27(3), 164.

Hoffman, D. A., Stockdale, S., & Van Egren, L. (1996b). EEG neurofeedback in the treatment of mild traumatic brain injury [Abstract]. Clinical Electroencephalography, 27(2), 6.

Keller, I. (2001). Neurofeedback therapy of attention deficits in patients with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(1,2), 19-32.

Laibow, R E., Stubblebine, A. N., Sandground, H.,& Bounias, M. (2001). EEG neurobiofeedback treatment of patients with brain injury: Part 2: Changes in EEG parameters versus rehabilitation. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(4), 45-71

Putnam, J. A., (2001). EEG biofeedback on a female stroke patient with depression: A case study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(3), 27-38.

Rozelle, G. R., & Budzynski, T. H. (1995). Neurotherapy for stroke rehabilitation: A single case study. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 20(3), 211-228.

Schoenberger, N. E., Shiflett, S. C., Esty, M. L., Ochs, L., & Matheis, R. J. (2001). Flexyx neurotherapy system in the treatment of traumatic brain injury: An initial evaluation. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 16(3), 260-274.

Sterman, M. B., Ayers, M. E., & Goodman, S. J. (1976). Case study: Effects of SMR suppression on EEG and motor patterns in a quadriplegic patient. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 1(3), 340-341.

Thatcher, R. W. (2000). EEG operant conditioning (biofeedback) and traumatic brain injury.Clinical Electroencephalography, 31(1), 38-44.

Thornton, K. (2000). Improvement/rehabilitation of memory functioning with neurotherapy/QEEG biofeedback. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 15(6), 1285-1296.

Thornton, K. (2001). Electrophysiology of auditory memory of paragraphs towards a projection/activation theory of the mind. Journal of Neurotherapy, 4(3), 45-72.

Thornton, K. (2002) Rehabilitation of Memory functioning with EEG Biofeedback,Neurorehabilitation, 17(1), 69-81

Thornton, K. E., & Carmody, D. P. (2008).  Efficacy of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: Interventions of QEEG-guided biofeedback, computers, strategies, and medications.  Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback33(2), 101-124.

Thornton, K. E., & Carmody, D. P. (2005). Electroencephalogram biofeedback for reading disability and traumatic brain injury. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14(1), 137-162.

Tinius, T. P., & Tinius, K. A. (2001). Changes after EEG biofeedback and cognitive retraining in adults with mild traumatic brain injury and attention deficit disorder. Journal of Neurotherapy, 4(2), 27-44.

Walker, J. E. (2007).  A neurologist’s experience with QEEG-guided neurofeedback following brain injury.  Chapter in J. R. Evans (Ed.), Handbook of Neurofeedback.  Binghampton, NY: Haworth Medical Press, pp. 353-361.

Wing, K. (2001). Effect of neurofeedback on motor recovery of a patient with brain injury: A case study and its implications for stroke rehabilitation. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 8(3), 45-53.

Yoo, S. S., & Jolesz, F. A. (2002).  Functional MRI for neurofeedback: feasibility study on a hand motor task.  Neuroreport, 13, 1377–1381.

 

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