ADHD

ADHD is a disorder quite often misdiagnosed.

Psychologists know what you tell them. It takes months to know a child but a second to label one.

ADHD when reported, hence, ‘labelled’ by the untrained eye, can dangerously add medication to a simply cheeky misguided kid.

Note. ADHD has been used as a reason to be ‘excused’ from reading second language. However, some have fallen into the medication route which they have to pay for life
Note. Medication is the easiest way for ‘some educators’ to control a child who disrupts the class.
Have a heart before you label & medicate unnecessarily, your pay check cannot afford the bill
Sharing the video on the right, hopefully, improves inter rater reliability between parents, teachers and psychologist, in that order.

Neurofeedback and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD) in Children: Rating the Evidence and Proposed Guidelines
(Latest Research – March 2020)

Link 1 Link2

If you prefer drugs you are on the wrong page!

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as described by APA , is one of the most common mental disorders affecting children. ADHD also affects many adults. Symptoms of ADHD include inattention (not being able to keep focus), hyperactivity (excess movement that is not fitting to the setting) and impulsivity (hasty acts that occur in the moment without thought).

How do we correct, rewire, retrain, boost and increase your neuro network?

First we must know if you have Delta, Theta, Alpha and/or beta wave imbalance? Then, we will do a brain scan also know as a QEEG – quantitative electroencephalogram. We put a cap of electrodes on Dr. Daniel Lau fellow engineering and scanned him. Thanks for being my model Daniel.

(left) Dr. Daniel Lau was first elected Fellow of The Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) in 2003, and is currently Fellow of The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) in U.K., and a Chartered Engineer.

Dr Anthony Yee Life Senior Member of the IEEE (USA), Fellow Inst. Marine Engineering Science and Technology (UK), Fellow Inst. Science and Technology (UK).[/caption]

Dr Anthony Yee Life Senior Member of the IEEE (USA), Fellow Inst. Marine Engineering Science and Technology (UK), Fellow Inst. Science and Technology (UK).

PSLE 2019 candidate on the right – ps. she did well and currently in a very good secondary school, express stream.

Dyslexia: Speech Therapist finds Neurofeedback improves kids with Dyslexia
http://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/59

How many home based sessions to feel difference?

20-30 sessions to see a difference & 40- 60 sessions to complete training.
(of course more is better and 60 would be good enough). Lets look at the scan results first.

Brain training requires the shifting of electrodes to various parts of the brain. Optimally, the brain likes about 40mins a day like going to a gym and training a bicep/tricep. Over training can produce more negative than positive results. Just like cramping 10 chapters a night.

Will I see immediate results?

Was Rome built overnight? Note, neurofeedback is NOT a miracle cure or overnight sensation. We simply increased the neuro networks so that the student is able to comprehend better, faster and easier. Now that nurture/neurofeedback has done it’s part, nature will do its part too and time/patience is the key. DO NOT come if tomorrow or next week is your exam. We do not copy paste the answers into your brain. The teachers will teach and your kids will absorb better and that takes time. Note. Study skills are very very very important. Nature can be tweak by rewiring the neurons & improving neuroplasticity but nurture is your side of the court.

Important skill! Converting extrinsic motivation to intrinsic motivation in small bites.

A student who knows his or her work but stressed? Yes, we will reduce that stress and you will go into the examination hall with reduced anxiety and stress. (this will require about 5-10sessions of Infra slow fluctuation neurofeedback).

More studies about neurofeedback & ADHD

1. Hammond DC, Kirk L. Negative effects and the need for standards of practice in neurofeedback. Biofeedback. 1982;35(4):139–145. [Google Scholar]
2. Arns M, de Ridder S, Strehl U, Breteler M, Coenen A. Efficacy of neurofeedback treatment in ADHD: the effects on inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity: a meta-analysis. Clin EEG Neurosci. 2009;40(3):180–189. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
3. Arns M, Heinrich H, Strehl U. Evaluation of neurofeedback in ADHD: the long and winding road. Biol Psychol. 2014;95:108–115. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
4. Cortese S, Ferrin M, Brandeis D, Holtmann M, Aggensteiner P, Daley D, et al. Neurofeedback for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: meta-Analysis of clinical and neuropsychological outcomes from randomized controlled trials. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016;55(6):444–
455. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
5. Taylor E, Dopfner M, Sergeant J. European clinical guidelines for hyperkinetic disorder – first upgrade. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;13(Suppl 1):i7–i30. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
6. Daly BP, Creed T, Xanthopoulos M, Brown RT. Psychosocial treatments for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychol Rev. 2007;17(1):73–89. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
7. Faraone SV, Buitelaar J. Comparing the efficacy of stimulants for ADHD in children and adolescents using meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010;19(4):353–364. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
8. Molina BSG, Hinshaw SP, Swanson JM, Arnold LE, Vitiello B, Jensen PS, Epstein JN, Hoza B, Hechtman L, Abikoff HB, Elliott GR, Greenhill LL, Newcorn JH, Wells KC, Wigal T, Gibbons RD, Hur K, Houck PR, MTA Cooperative Group The MTA at 8 years: prospective follow-up of children treated for combined-type ADHD in a multisite study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;48(5):484–500. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
9. Storebø OJ, Ramstad E, Krogh HB, Nilausen TD, Skoog M, Holmskov M, et al. Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;11:CD009885. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
10. Charach A, Figueroa M, Chen S, Ickowicz A, Schachar R. Stimulant treatment over 5 years: effects on growth. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;45(4):415–421. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
11. Sonuga-Barke EJ, Brandeis D, Holtmann M, Cortese S. Computer-based cognitive training for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review of current evidence. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2014;23(4):807–824. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
12. Enriquez-Geppert S, Huster RJ, Herrmann CS. EEG-neurofeedback as a tool to modulate cognition and behavior: a review tutorial. Front Hum Neurosci. 2017;11:51. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
13. Ros T, Baars BJ, Lanius RA, Vuilleumier P. Tuning pathological brain oscillations with neurofeedback: a systems neuroscience framework. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014;8:1008. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
14. Escolano C, Aquilar M, Minguey J. EEG-based upper alpha neurofeedback training improves working memory performance. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011:2327–30. [PubMed]
15. Ros T, Munneke M, Ruge D, Gruzelier J, Rothwell J. Endogenous control of waking brain rhythms induces neuroplasticity in humans. Eur J Neurosci. 2010;31(4):770–778. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
16. Engelbregt HJ, Keeser D, Van Eijk L, Suiker EM, Eichhorn D, Karch S, et al. Short and long-term effects of sham-controlled prefrontal EEG-neurofeedback training in healthy subjects. Clin Neurophysiol. 2016;127(4):1931–1937. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
17. Enriquez-Geppert S, Huster RJ, Figge C, Herrmann CS. Self-regulation of frontal-midline theta facilitates memory updating and mental set shifting. Front Behav Neurosci. 2014;8:420. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
18. Alegria AA, Wulff M, Brinson H, Barker GJ, Norman LJ, Brandeis D, et al. Real-time fMRI neurofeedback in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Hum Brain Mapp. 2017;38(6):3190–3209. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
19. Durup G, Fessard A. I. L’électrencéphalogramme de l’homme. Observations psycho-physiologiques relatives à l’action des stimuli visuels et auditifs. Ann Psychol. 1935;36(1):1–32. [Google Scholar]
20. Jasper H, Shagass C. Conditioning the occipital alpha rhythm in man. J Exp Psychol. 1941;28(5):373–388. [Google Scholar]
21. Jasper H, Shagass C. Conscious time judgments related to conditioned time intervals and voluntary control of the alpha rhythm. J Exp Psychol. 1941;28(6):503–508. [Google Scholar]
22. Sterman B, LoPresti RW, Fairchild MD. Electroencephalographic and behavioral studies of monomethylhydrazine toxicity in the cat. J Neurother. 2010;14(4):293–300. [Google Scholar]
23. Sterman MB, Friar L. Suppression of seizures in an epileptic following sensorimotor EEG feedback training. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1972;33(1):89–95. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
24. Lubar JF, Shouse MN. EEG and behavioral changes in a hyperkinetic child concurrent with training of the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) Biofeedback Self Regul. 1976;1(3):293–306. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
25. McAdam DW, Irwin DA, Rebert CS, Knott JR. Conative control of the contingent negative variation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1966;21(2):194–195. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
26. Heinrich H, Gevensleben H, Freisleder FJ, Moll GH, Rothenberger A. Training of slow cortical potentials in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: evidence for positive behavioral and neurophysiological effects. Biol Psychiatry. 2004;55(7):772–775. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
27. Barry RJ, Clarke AR, Johnstone SJ. A review of electrophysiology in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: I. Qualitative and quantitative electroencephalography. Clin Neurophysiol. 2003;114(2):171–183. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
28. Bresnahan SM, Barry RJ. Specificity of quantitative EEG analysis in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2002;112(2):133–144. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
29. Bresnahan SM, Anderson JW, Barry RJ. Age-related changes in quantitative EEG in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1999;46(12):1690–1697. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
30. Clarke AR, Barry RJ, Heaven PCL, McCarthy R, Selikowitz M, Byrne MK. EEG in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Int J Psychophysiol. 2008;70(3):176–183. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
31. Duric NS, Assmus J, Gundersen D, Elgen IB. Neurofeedback for the treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD: a randomized and controlled clinical trial using parental reports. BMC Psychiatry. 2012;12:107. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
32. Meisel V, Servera M, Garcia-Banda G, Cardo E, Moreno I. Neurofeedback and standard pharmacological intervention in ADHD: a randomized controlled trial with six-month follow-up. Biol Psychol. 2013;94(1):12–21. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
33. Gevensleben H, Rothenberger A, Moll GH, Heinrich H. Neurofeedback in children with ADHD: validation and challenges. Expert Rev Neurother. 2012;12(4):447–460. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
34. Egner T, Gruzelier JH. EEG biofeedback of low beta band components: frequency-specific effects on variables of attention and event-related brain potentials. Clin Neurophysiol. 2004;115(1):131–139. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
35. Shouse MN, Lubar JF. Operant conditioning of EEG rhythms and Ritalin in the treatment of hyperkinesis. Biofeedback Self Regul. 1979;4(4):299–312. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
36. Sterman MB, Macdonald LR, Stone RK. Biofeedback training of the sensorimotor electroencephalogram rhythm in man: effects on epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1974;15(3):395–416. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
37. Arns M, Feddema I, Kenemans JL. Differential effects of theta/beta and SMR neurofeedback in ADHD on sleep onset latency. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014;8:1019. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
38. Sinha SR. Basic mechanisms of sleep and epilepsy. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2011;28(2):103–110. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
39. Van Veen MM, Kooij JJS, Boonstra AM, Gordijn MCM, Van Someren EJW. Delayed circadian rhythm in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and chronic sleep-onset insomnia. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;67(11):1091–1096. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
40. Schabus M, Heib DPJ, Lechinger J, Griessenberger H, Klimesch W, Pawlizki A, Kunz AB, Sterman BM, Hoedlmoser K. Enhancing sleep quality and memory in insomnia using instrumental sensorimotor rhythm conditioning. Biol Psychol. 2014;95:126–134. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
41. Gevensleben H, Holl B, Albrecht B, Schlamp D, Kratz O, Studer P, Wangler S, Rothenberger A, Moll GH, Heinrich H. Distinct EEG effects related to neurofeedback training in children with ADHD: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Psychophysiol. 2009;74(2):149–157. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
42. Strehl U, Aggensteiner P, Wachtlin D, Brandeis D, Albrecht B, Arana M, et al. Neurofeedback of slow cortical potentials in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a multicenter randomized trial controlling for unspecific effects. Front Hum Neurosci. 2017;11:135. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
43. Rockstroh B, Elbert T, Birbaumer N, Lutzenberger W. Biofeedback-produced hemispheric asymmetry of slow cortical potentials and its behavioural effects. Int J Psychophysiol. 1990;9(2):151–165. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
44. Birbaumer N, Elbert T, Canavan AG, Rockstroh B. Slow potentials of the cerebral cortex and behavior. Physiol Rev. 1990;70(1):1–
41. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
45. Marshall L, Mölle M, Born J. Spindle and slow wave rhythms at slow wave sleep transitions are linked to strong shifts in the cortical direct current potential. Neuroscience. 2003;121(4):1047–1053. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
46. •• Van Doren J, Arns M, Heinrich H, Vollebregt MA, Strehl U, Loo SK. Sustained effects of neurofeedback in ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018:1–13. This recent meta-analysis with 10 RCTs shows that the effects of neurofeedback increase in time, other than medication effects that diminish with time, and suggest of long-term efficacy of neurofeedback.
47. Micoulaud-Franchi JA, Geoffroy PA, Fond G, Lopez R, Bioulac S, Philip P. EEG neurofeedback treatments in children with ADHD: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014;8:906. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
48. Sollie H, Larsson B, Morch WT. Comparison of mother, father, and teacher reports of ADHD core symptoms in a sample of child psychiatric outpatients. J Atten Disord. 2013;17(8):699–710. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
49. Bralten J, Franke B, Waldman I, Rommelse N, Hartman C, Asherson P, Banaschewski T, Ebstein RP, Gill M, Miranda A, Oades RD, Roeyers H, Rothenberger A, Sergeant JA, Oosterlaan J, Sonuga-Barke E, Steinhausen HC, Faraone SV, Buitelaar JK, Arias-Vásquez A. Candidate genetic pathways for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show association to hyperactive/impulsive symptoms in children with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013;52(11):1204–1212. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
50. Wang LJ, Chen C-K, Huang YS. Changes in behaviour symptoms of patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder during treatment: observation from different informants. Psychiatry Investig. 2013;10(1):1–7. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
51. Arnold LE, Lofthouse N, Hersch S, Pan X, Hurt E, Bates B, Kassouf K, Moone S, Grantier C. EEG neurofeedback for ADHD: double-blind sham-controlled randomized pilot feasibility trial. J Atten Disord. 2013;17(5):410–419. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
52. DeBeus R, Kaiser D. Neurofeedback with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. In: Coben R, Evans J, editors. Neurofeedback and neuromodulation: techniques and applications. San Diego: Elsevier; 2011. pp. 127–152. [Google Scholar]
53. Van Dongen-Boomsma M, Vollebregt MA, Slaats-Willemse D, Buitelaar J. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of electroencephalographic (EEG) neurofeedback in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(8):821–827. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
54. Coben Robert, Hammond D. Corydon, Arns Martijn. 19 Channel Z-Score and LORETA Neurofeedback: Does the Evidence Support the Hype? Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. 2018;44(1):1–8. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Message for more information. We are glad to assist

Scan QR Code using your mobile phone if you would like to communicate with me